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We're doing  something no one else has done before.

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This is really a
first foray, for NASA,

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of getting into the genetics,
the genome part of science.

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The whole twins experience is
really exciting for us, overall.

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When the one year
mission came about,

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and Scott Kelly was assigned,
there was a recognition

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that Scott had a twin.

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So, why not take the opportunity
to study one person in space

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and one person on the ground?

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In our experiment, Cardio Ox,
we're looking specifically

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at things that might
modify or have an effect

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on cardiovascular disease.

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The more we learn about
cardiovascular disease risk,

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the more it benefits
the everyday person.

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The focus of our laboratory is
to understand the implications

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of spaceflight weightlessness
on the cardiovascular system,

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as well as changes in the crew
members diet, activity levels,

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stress levels and
sleep patterns.

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These sorts of physiologic
changes are ones we expect

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for people who are on 6-month
transit mission to Mars.

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We want to understand what
are the potential health

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consequences and
more importantly,

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what can we do to prevent them.

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The tough thing about
doing spaceflight research,

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for example, our biological
samples, in our case, the blood

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and urine samples from which
we derive a lot of our science,

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they stay on station for a
long period of time and we have

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to wait for the next opportunity
for them to come down.

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We have long gaps in
getting spaceflight data,

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but in the meantime, you have
other research studies you're

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working on.

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We always stay busy, we always
keep asking new questions.